The Law and the New Testament Christian

MEMORY VERSES: Romans 3:19-24; 7:4; Galatians 3:10, 13, 24-26

There is a lot of confusion about the Law of Moses and what place it has in the Christian life, and it is essential for every believer to settle this issue on a solid Scriptural footing.

The following major New Testament passages clarify the matter: Romans 3:19-24

1.   The Law of Moses or the Old Covenant was given to show men that God is holy and that they are sinners (Romans 3:19). Men naturally think that they are righteous. They compare themselves to human standards of righteousness and one with another rather than with God’s perfect law. Men need to see that by God’s standards we are all sinners because we have broken His laws.

 

Take the Ten Commandments, for example (Exodus 20:1-17). Men have broken all of these. We have put other gods before the one true God (Ex. 20:3). We have made idols and worshipped them (Ex. 20:4-5). We worship and serve ourselves more than God, thus making our own selves into idols. We have taken the name of the Lord in vain (Ex. 20:7). We have broken the Sabbath and treated all days the same, neglecting to set apart even one day for the worship of God (Ex. 20:8). We have dishonored and disobeyed our parents (Ex. 20:12). We have killed (Ex. 20:13). We have committed adultery (Ex. 20:14). We have stolen (Ex. 20:15). We have lied (Ex. 20:16). We have coveted (Ex. 20:17).

 

The law of Moses requires perfect obedience (Deuteronomy 27:26). To break one law is to break all (James 2:10).

Jesus taught that God not only requires perfect external obedience to the Law, but internal obedience as well. To hate my brother is the same, in God’s eyes, as murder (Matthew 5:21-22). To lust after a woman is the same, in God’s eyes, as adultery (Matthew 5:27-28).

 

Thus it is obvious that we are all guilty of breaking the law and are sinners in God’s sight.

 

2.  The Law of Moses cannot bring salvation (Romans 3:20).

 

The Old Testament cannot bring salvation because it requires perfect holiness, whereas man is a fallen sinner and cannot live up to its requirements. Thus, the Law of God can only curse us. The word “justified” means declared righteous by God. God cannot declare a sinner righteous on the basis of the Law of Moses, because it requires perfect obedience.

 

3.  Salvation is through faith in Jesus Christ (Romans 3:21-24).

 

The way of salvation is not through the Law of Moses, but through Jesus. The Law demanded that the sinner die, and Jesus died in our place (Romans 6:23). The Law demanded that blood be shed, and Jesus shed His righteous blood in payment for our sins (Hebrews 9:22). Because of what Jesus did on the cross, the believing sinner can receive the very righteousness of God through faith (Rom. 3:21-22). The believer is justified freely. This means that salvation is a gift of God that was purchased by Christ. We are redeemed by His blood. The word “propitiation” means satisfaction of a debt, and that is what Jesus did for us. He paid a price He did not owe to satisfy a debt we could not pay.

 

Romans 7:1-4

 

1.   The Law is not the Christian’s rule in life (Romans 7:1-2). Christ is our new husband and Lord, and He rules our lives through the New Covenant. Our rule in

life is not the Law of Moses but Christ as revealed in the New Testament Scriptures. Trying to serve God under the old Law is like a woman who serves a husband only out of fear. She cooks and cleans house because she is afraid not to. Serving God under the new Law is like a woman who serves a husband out of love. She cooks and cleans house for her master, but not because she is afraid of what he will do to her, but simply because he loves her and treats her so well and she, in turn, loves him.

 

2.  The Law of Moses cannot condemn the believer (Romans 7:3). The believer is as dead to the Law as a wife is to a deceased husband. The Lord Jesus Christ took our condemnation upon Himself on the cross, and we are safe in Him from all fear of eternal judgment.

 

3.   The Christian has a new power, which is the indwelling Holy Spirit (Romans 7:6; 8:1). The believer serves Christ through the Spirit, not through his own strength. Compare Galatians 2:20.

 

1  Corinthians 3:5-18

 

This passage compares the Old Covenant with the New.

 

1.    The Old Covenant was the Law of Moses (2 Corinthians 3:7, 13). It was “written and engraven in stones.” That specifically refers to the Ten Commandments (Deut. 4:13; 5:6-22).

 

2.    The Old Covenant was a ministration of death (2 Corinthians 3:7) and a ministration of condemnation (2 Cor. 3:9). This is because it required perfect obedience from the heart, and we being sinners are incapable of providing this level of obedience.

 

3.   The Old Covenant has been done away in Christ (2 Cor. 3:11). It is not the believer’s rule of life.

4.  The believer has a new law (2 Corinthians 3:17-18). The fact that the believer is not under the Law of Moses does not mean that we don’t have a law. In fact, we have a higher law. It is the law of Christ. We are conformed to His image (Romans 8:29). As we see Him in the Scriptures, we are changed to His image.

 

Galatians 3:10-14, 24-26

 

1.    The Law of Moses, or the Old Covenant, required perfect obedience in all things; men, therefore, cannot be saved by it (Galatians 3:10-12). Because it requires perfect holiness, it can only bring a curse upon a fallen sinner. We cannot live up to its holy requirements.

 

2.  Christ took the punishment demanded by the Law (Galatians 3:13). He died in the sinner’s place in order to provide us with eternal salvation.

 

3.   The Law of Moses is our schoolmaster to lead us to Christ (Galatians 3:24). This is the major purpose of the Law. It is designed by God to show the sinner his fallen and lost condition and to lead him to put his faith in Christ.

 

4.   The believer is not under the Law of Moses (Galatians 3:25). The believer’s law is not the Law of Moses. The believer has a new law, which is the law of Christ. This means to be conformed to His image. The believer’s new law is also called the law of the Spirit (Galatians 5:16-18). By walking in the Spirit, which means obeying the Spirit and yielding to Him day by day, the believer does not fulfill the law of the flesh.

 

Colossians 2:13-17

 

1.   Christ took away the Old Covenant, or the Law of Moses (Colossians 2:14). He did this by fulfilling its demands and paying the price that we owe for

breaking it.

 

2.  The believer does not follow the Old Covenant (Colossians 2:16-17). The Law contains types and shadows that point to Christ, but the believer has Christ Himself.

 

REVIEW QUESTIONS ON THE LAW OF MOSES

 

1. What are the five major New Testament passages that we examine in this lesson? (book and chapter only) 2. What is the purpose of the Law of Moses?

 

3.  What verse says that to break one of God's laws is to break all of them?

 

4.  In what book and chapter does Jesus say that to hate is the same as murder and to lust is the same as adultery?

 

5.  Why can't men achieve salvation through the Law of Moses?

 

6.  What verse says that without shedding of blood is no remission of sin?

 

7.  When the Bible says the believer is justified "freely," what does this mean?

 

8.  What is the believer's rule in life?

 

9.  Why can't the old Law condemn the believer?

 

10.  What is the power by which the believer serves God?

 

11.  What was the Old Covenant?

 

12.  What does Paul refer to when he writes of that which "was written and engraven in stones"?

13.  Why is the Law of Moses a ministration of condemnation and death?

 

14.  What is the believer's law?

 

15.  What type of obedience does the old Law require?

 

16.  The Law of Moses is our                             to lead us to Christ.

 

17.  What is the major purpose of the Law of Moses?

 

18.  What is the law of the Spirit?

 

19.  How did Christ take away the Law of Moses?

 

20.  The Law of Moses contains              and                       that point to Christ.